复杂地形下风力机尾流数值模拟研究和激光雷达实验对比

以CFD数值计算和实验相结合的方法,对处于中国西南某多山地区陆上风电场的尾流特性进行研究,验证不同数值方法在复杂地形的适用性。首先采用2台激光雷达,测量目标风力机一个月内的自由来流风速和尾流廓线,在地形上坡加速效应下,不同大气稳定度下目标风力机的自由来流风速廓线均呈负梯度。然后分别采用经典致动盘和改进致动盘法,模拟目标风力机在主风向下的尾流发展。不同于只有风速与压降关系的经典致动盘法,改进致动盘法更考虑了叶片几何和气动参数(尺寸信息、攻角、桨距角、升阻力系数等)。通过与后置激光雷达尾流测试结果对比,这2种基于CFD技术的数值模拟方法,计算网格相同,计算时间相当,且均能较好地模拟因为复杂地形而引起的尾流偏转;其中改进致动盘的尾流形状与激光雷达相似,速度亏损也更接近激光雷达结果。因此,改进致动盘法更适合于复杂地形条件下风场模拟,较好平衡了计算的效率与精度。     

Terrain classification and adaptive locomotion for a hexapod robot Qingzhui

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering - Legged robots have potential advantages in mobility compared with wheeled robots in outdoor environments. The knowledge of various ground properties and...     

Magnetic recyclable ZnO/SrFe12O19 photocatalyst for effective photodegradation of rhodamine B under simulated sunlight

This work develops a novel magnetic photocatalysts ZnO/SrFe₁₂O₁₉ (ZS) synthesized with hydrothermal process. The introduction of SrFe₁₂O₁₉ not only enhances the photocatalytic behavior of ZnO towards Rhodamine B (RhB) decomposition, but also reinforces the recycling stability. Especially, ZS-5 composite exhibits the optimal photocatalytic performance, and the RhB decomposition reaches 99.5% after being exposed to simulative sunlight for 70 min, which is obviously superior to that of bare ZnO. Furthermore, the ZS-5 can be recovered from RhB solution by an extra magnet space and reused. After five recycles, the RhB removal efficiency can still be maintained over 90%. Such prominent photocatalytic property and stability of ZS-5 are associated with the greatly improved detachment efficiency of photoexcited carriers in a magnetic field. This study could provide a new-type recyclable photocatalyst that can effectively purify dye wastewater for convenient recovery.     

AVS数据可视化技术对微形地貌模拟初探

简要阐述了微形地貌模拟的意义及数据采集方法，并通过AVS 技术对采集到的模拟数据进行三维可视化，有利于海底矿产资源开采的一些理论上的研究。     

用DTM拟合GPS水准似大地水准面及其效果分析

介绍了使用CASS软件创建高程异常的地面数字模型并绘制等值线图拟合GPS水准的似大地水准面的方法,通过与多种曲面拟合方法比较验证了DTM法具有良好的拟合效果,非常便于工程实际使用。     

深海底采矿机器车的研究现状

海洋占地球表面积的71％，随着地球陆地矿产资源枯竭等问题的日益加剧，开发海洋矿产资源日益引起人们的关注。海洋矿产包括含锰、铜、钴、镍、金、银等十几种矿物，已探明储量多达15000亿t的锰结核，是目前海底矿产资源开发的一个热点。锰结核赋存于水深4000～6000m的深海底表面，表现为直径为0．5～25cm的黑色矿物块群。     

一种深海钴结壳微地形近程探测方法的探索研究

针对深海钴结壳开采技术中要求能耗低、切削深度合理、废石混入率低和采集率高等经济性能指标，根据深海环境的特殊性与现有地形探测系统的局限性，并结合多波束测深仪和侧扫声纳的相关理论，初步提出了一种基于超声波的钴结壳微地形近程探测方法。该方法得到了实验初步验证，结果表明切实可行。     

露天爆破对主运输平硐振动影响的模拟分析

目前，爆破动载荷模拟分析软件在国内外尚未见报道。南芬露天铁矿运输主平硐在生产中要经受长期大爆破振动的考验，需要进行长期爆破对平硐振动影响的评价，为此，应用突加载荷法来模拟爆破振动响应，模拟中采用位移等效原则来确定突加载荷的大小、作用时间和作用范围，通过大型岩体力学有限元分析软件FLAC计算，以进行岩体内的动态应力场的分析和巷道围岩稳定性的研究。工程实际数据检验，表明这种方法是正确的。     

基于损伤力学的岩体宏观力学参数研究

根据脆性材料研究的成果 ,采用自洽理论建立了岩体的损伤力学模型 ,该模型能够通过岩块和结构面的性质反映整个岩体的力学性质。采用所建立的损伤力学模型 ,结合岩体现场试验的要求 ,提出了岩体现场力学试验的计算机模拟方法 ,并用该方法对某核电站的核岛区岩体宏观力学参数进行了模拟 ,结果表明该文的方法能够解决实际工程中所遇到的岩体宏观力学参数难以确定的问题     

Les dépôts morainiques holocènes de la zone axiale pyrénéenne: approche déterministe de leur instabilitéà Verdun sur Ariège, (Pyrénées centrales, France)

This paper reports a study of the historic instability of the till deposits in an area of the central Pyrenees between France and Spain upslope of the town of Verdun. The object of the work was to create a model based on the geomorphological and geological mapping of landslides and a geotechnical survey of the instability of the whole of the mountainous slopes of the Domanial Verdun area. The detailed mapping allows the historic landslides to be distinguished from the more recent/active movements which involve volumes of 100,000 to 400,000?m³ of material. In addition, it was possible to assess the areal percentage of the actively slipping zones (5%) compared to the historic slide zones (12%) and the stable areas (78%). Following the European classification, two types of slides were identified in the Verdun study area: (1) historic rotational slides and (2) active translational slides located in the Verdun area at between 1000 and 1250?m altitude. The stability was calculated using the classic "method of slices", subdividing the slipped zone into vertical slices along a suitable cross section. The so-called factor of safety (F) was determined by dividing the moments of resisting forces (M_R) by the moments of driving forces (M_D). The state of limiting equilibrium has a "factor of safety" of 1. The physical parameters of the till deposits of Verdun were established as: unit weight γ=24.9?kN/m³ (calculated using the percentage of gneissic blocks contained in the tills) and porosity n=0.24. The results of 15 triaxial tests in a gravelly sand matrix were plotted in a Lambe diagram following a linear regression model [x=(σ₁+σ₃)/2 and y=(σ₁–σ₃)/2 with sin?φ′ =tan?θ]. From this the friction angle φ′=33°±3 and c′=45±5?kPa were established. The factor of safety calculated for the moraine deposits in the historic slides was 1.44 without water (Hw=0). With a height of water of 7?m, representing 85% of the till thickness, this was reduced to F=1. To achieve a factor of safety of 1.3, the maximum water level within the till should not exceed 2.5?m, representing 65% of the till thickness. Similarly, the factor of safety was calculated for the active slides of another area (shown as section 4 in Fig.?3 in the paper). Using slice number 9 from the middle of the slide, the factor of safety was 1.08 when the height of the water was taken as 90% of the till thickness. This high calculated factor of safety for the height of water is consistent with the slow movement of the actual slides. However, a lower internal cohesion of the till deposits or the presence of a weathered zone would decrease the factor of safety from 1 to 0.8. It is also possible that other parameters, such as the regional seismic activity, could have been sufficient to initiate movement (F<1) during the last 50?years. It is of note that the map of seismic activity shows that more than a 100 earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 3 have occurred in the central Pyrenees since 1660. The paper emphasises the importance of high-quality mapping which identifies and classifies areas of historic and recent instability. From this, a single geotechnical model to calculate the stability can be established. The level of the water is shown to be the critical parameter and of more significance than the variations in the effective friction angle, which itself is more important than variations in the effective cohesion. With this information it is possible to determine those areas where some form of stabilisation and/or drainage of the till deposits is necessary.